Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions.

Ions induce both specific (Hofmeister) and non-specific (Coulomb) effects at aqueous interfaces. More than a century after their discovery, the origin of specific ion effects (SIE) still eludes explanation because the causal electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions are neither local nor separable. Since direct Coulomb effects essentially vanish below ~10 μM (i.e., at >50 nm average ion ...

Models and mechanisms of Hofmeister effects in electrolyte solutions, and colloid and protein systems revisited.

Specific effects of electrolytes have posed a challenge since the 1880's. The pioneering work was that of Franz Hofmeister who studied specific salt induced protein precipitation. These effects are the rule rather the exception and are ubiquitous in chemistry and biology. Conventional electrostatic theories (Debye-Hückel, DLVO, etc.) cannot explain such effects. Over the past decades it has bee...

Modeling Hofmeister Effects.

A two dimensional model of water, so-called Mercedes-Benz model, was used to study effects of the size of hydrophobic solute on the insertion thermodynamics in electrolyte solutions. The model was examined by the constant pressure Monte Carlo computer simulation. The results were compared with the experimental data for noble gasses and methane in water and electrolyte solution. The influence of...

Prediction of Surface Tension in Single and Mixed Electrolyte Solutions

Wetting layers in electrolyte solutions

2014 When a predominantly nonpolar mixture is in contact with a chemically ionizable substrate, thick wetting layers of a predominantly polar phase can form on the substrate. This paper considers the effects of added salt on such layers. In the limit of low salt concentrations, the equilibrium thickness reduces to a result previously derived by the author. In the limit of high salt concentratio...